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Obesity in Children
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 * =====**Childhood obesity is defined as serious medical condition that occurs when a child is above the normal weight for his or her age and height.**=====



Prevalence of overweight and obesity* among children:


> Overweight is defined as a BMI 95th percentile or 30 kg/m2; obesity is defined as a BMI  99th percentile or 40 kg/m2. † Values are percentage of overweight children (percentage of obese children)
 * ~  ||~   ||||||||~ Examination year ||||~ Increase in prevalence from 1971–1974 to 1999–2002 ||
 * ~  ||~ Race ||~ 1971–1974 ||~ 1976–1980 ||~ 1988–1994 ||~ 1999–2002 ||~ Overweight ||~ Obesity ||
 * Overall || Whites || 5% (1)† || 5% (1) || 9% (2) || 12% (3) || +8 || +2 ||
 * || Blacks || 6% (1) || 7% (2) || 12% (3) || 18% (5) || +12 || +4 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 8% (1) || 10% (1) || 14% (4) || 21% (5) || +12 || +4 ||
 * Sex ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Boys || Whites || 5% (1) || 5% (1) || 10% (2) || 13% (4) || +8 || +3 ||
 * || Blacks || 6% (2) || 5% (1) || 11% (3) || 16% (5) || +10 || +3 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 8% (1) || 12% (1) || 15% (4) || 24% (7) || +16 || +6 ||
 * Girls || Whites || 5% (1) || 5% (1) || 9% (2) || 12% (2) || +7 || +1 ||
 * || Blacks || 6% (1) || 9% (2) || 14% (3) || 21% (6) || +14 || +5 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 8% (2) || 7% (0) || 14% (3) || 17% (4) || +9 || +2 ||
 * Age (years) ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * 2 to 5 || Whites || 4% (1) || 3% (1) || 5% (1) || 9% (3) || +5 || +2 ||
 * || Blacks || 7% (3) || 4% (0) || 8% (3) || 9% (4) || +2 || +1 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 10% (5) || 11% (3) || 12% (5) || 13% (5) || +3 || 0 ||
 * 6 to 11 || Whites || 4% (0) || 6% (1) || 11% (3) || 13% (4) || +10 || +3 ||
 * || Blacks || 4% (0) || 9% (3) || 15% (3) || 20% (5) || +15 || +4 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 6% (0) || 11% (0) || 17% (4) || 22% (5) || +16 || +5 ||
 * 12 to 17 || Whites || 6% (1) || 4% (0) || 11% (2) || 13% (2) || +7 || +1 ||
 * || Blacks || 8% (1) || 8% (1) || 13% (3) || 22% (6) || +14 || +5 ||
 * || Mexican-Americans || 9% (0) || 8% (1) || 14% (2) || 25% (5) || +15 || +5 ||
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Prevalence and severity
The Centers for Disease Control reported that in 2000 the prevalence of obesity was 19% of non-Hispanic black children and 20% of Mexican American children, compared with 11% of non-Hispanic white children.
 * The overall prevalence of obesity in children in the U.S. was 17% in 2004


 * Factors causing obesity:**
 * **less physical activity**
 * **more consumption of fast foods**
 * **more time spent in watching television**
 * **some endocrine and medical problems**


 * Consequences**
 * can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
 * can cause depression.
 * can cause type 2 diabetes.





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 * Prevention**
 * Efforts should be made to prevent GDM and low birth weight. Breastfeeding should be encouraged.
 * encourage fruits and vegetables in diet
 * Restriction of youth-targeted television advertising of foods of low nutritional value.
 * Promotion of regular physical activity and healthy food choices in schools.
 * Provision of safe places for children to play and access to healthy food choices in poor and minority neighborhoods.
 * Prevention**
 * Efforts should be made to prevent GDM and low birth weight. Breastfeeding should be encouraged.
 * encourage fruits and vegetables in diet
 * Restriction of youth-targeted television advertising of foods of low nutritional value.
 * Promotion of regular physical activity and healthy food choices in schools.
 * Provision of safe places for children to play and access to healthy food choices in poor and minority neighborhoods.
 * encourage fruits and vegetables in diet
 * Restriction of youth-targeted television advertising of foods of low nutritional value.
 * Promotion of regular physical activity and healthy food choices in schools.
 * Provision of safe places for children to play and access to healthy food choices in poor and minority neighborhoods.




 * Treatment**
 * Treatment should begin early, targeting children at increased risk for long-term obesity and its complications.
 * promoting breastfeeding

Childhood Obesity is not a disease, It can be prevented if actions are taken on time.
 * Conclusion:**

References:


 * 1) Allison A. Hedley, PhD; Cynthia L. Ogden, PhD; Clifford L. Johnson, MSPH; Margaret D. Carroll, MSPH; Lester R. Curtin, PhD; Katherine M. Flegal, PhD.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among US Children, Adolescents, and Adults, 1999-2002.October 5, 2011, Vol 306, No. 13, pp 1407-1501.
 * 2) Braet, C.Psychological profile to become and to stay obese:International Journal of Obesity (2005) Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. International Journal of Obesity (2005) . Print.Barlow SE, Expert Committee: Expert Committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: summary report. Pediatrics 120(Suppl. 4): S164–S192, 2007.
 * 3) Biro FM, McMahon RP, Striegel-Moore R, Crawford PB, Obarzanek E, Morrison JA, Barton BA, Falkner F: Impact of timing of pubertal maturation on growth in black and white female adolescents: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. J Pediatr 138:636–643, 2001.
 * 4) Sonia Caprio, MD1, Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PHD2, Adam Drewnowski, PHD34, Francine R. Kaufman, MD56, Lawrence A. Palinkas, PHD7, Arlan L. Rosenbloom, MD8 and Jeffrey B.Schwimmer, MD910.Influence of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture on Childhood Obesity: Implications for Prevention and Treatment.A consensus statement of Shaping America's Health and the Obesity Society .doi: 10.2337/dc08-9024 Diabetes Care November 2008 vol. 31 no. 11 2211-2221.
 * 5) http://edge.ebaumsworld.com/picture/cgriffith67/ObeseChildren.png.
 * 6) http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=arKj1xgWHZo.
 * 7) [].
 * 8) []



Socioeconomic status and obesity contain a complexity within their correlation. As always when discussing socioeconomic status there is a dichotomy among race, gender, political affiliation, media, and geography. New York is an interesting local to study such a subject, due to its urban geographical position, but also because of its diversity and distribution of economic wealth, race, etc. **Race & Gender **

__**Recent Studies Show **__
 * Minorities & women are more likely to be low income.
 * Hispanic people are the most likely to be obese.
 * Whites in low income bracket have poorer body image than their minority counterparts.
 * Obesity maintains a negative correlation to education.
 * Women are more likely to be obese.
 * The highest ratio between obesity in high and low income is in white women.
 * Low income black women are the most likely of all to be obese.
 * The highest rate of increase in obesity is among low income black males.







__**Media **__ One institution of our culture takes a lot of heat for the increase in obesity, and rightfully so. The media of our culture sells a fast, cheap product, while only subtly representing the caloric intake of the food being so convincingly sold. One could easily make the argument that these adds are targeting working class people, with as little time as money. It makes one wonder if the the FCC was so serious about cracking down on the obesity epidemic, why there is no limit to the destructive advertising of food that is practically toxic. If the the American people can be outraged that cigarette companies target young people, then why, I wonder, why they cannot be outraged that fast food companies target the impoverished and children.

__**Region **__

There is a major problem when it comes to agriculture. Regions that have access to more food regardless of season spend less money on food, especially more organic, healthier foods. There are many contributing factors to this problem. one, being that urban areas must have food imported. Another being that urban planning and life in urban areas does not promote growing your own food or buying locally. this obviously contributes to obesity in low income homes in urban areas, such as New York City.

__**Political Rhetoric **__  media type="youtube" key="5VTDTAJLrgs" height="315" width="560" align="center"

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__**Sources**__ [] [] [|http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/6.full#sec-13] [|http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/1/6.full#app-1] [] [] [] []